![]() ![]() Consequently, their woody cells are much larger than normal and contain much more air, which makes them susceptible to fungi-after all, fungi like to breathe, too. ![]() They shoot up and form large growth rings even without a nutrient boost from added nitrogen. In modern managed forests today, seedlings grow without any parental shade to slow them down. ![]() As they struggle to put on a few feet, they develop wood that is incredibly dense. In undisturbed ancient forests, youngsters have to spend their first two hundred years waiting patiently in their mothers’ shade.The wolf was now at the top of the food chain, and what it triggered could perhaps better be described as a trophic avalanche. ![]() Basically, this means a change in the entire ecosystem via the food chain, starting at the top. What happened in the years that followed, and continues to this day, is what scientists call a trophic cascade. This was the year wolves caught in Canada were released in Yellowstone to restore the park’s ecological balance.It’s important for us to realize that even small interventions can have huge consequences, and we’d do better to keep our hands off everything in nature that we do not absolutely have to touch.Every entity has its place and its function. Everything is neatly arranged and interconnected. Nature is like the mechanism in an enormous clock. ![]()
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